Computing
Multi-Column Electron-Beam Lithography: Why E-Beam Direct Write Cannot Replace EUV
A single e-beam column writes one 300mm wafer in 50 to 60 hours. An EUV scanner does 220 an hour. The four-order gap defines where maskless wins.
Photonics
Photonics
The Silicon Photonics Supply Chain: SOITEC, Fabrinet, and the Photoresist Bottlenecks Behind Optical Interconnect
One French firm makes 90%+ of photonics-grade SOI; Japan makes 91% of photoresist. Mapping the bottlenecks behind optical computing.
Photonics
What Is Photonic Computing and Will It Replace GPUs? A Technical and Investment Assessment
Not yet replacing GPUs. Photonic interconnect has arrived and is scaling fast. Photonic tensor cores are 24 to 36 months behind on a good trajectory.
Quantum
Quantum Inertial Navigation for GNSS-Denied Environments: Can BEC and Cold-Atom Interferometry Replace GPS?
Not yet in full. Quantum clocks and gravimeters are already on submarines. A complete BEC-based IMU to replace GPS is 7 to 10 years out at minimum.
Astronomy
Nanotechnology Infrared Optics for Astronomy Missions
Metalenz, DARPA ENVision, HWO, PRIMA, T2SL detectors, ALD coatings, and China's germanium ban: nanophotonic IR optics for astronomy assessed in full.