Finance
Why gold miners can outperform, or underperform, gold as operating leverage, commodity beta, and margin elasticity amplify metal-price moves.
Magnets
U.S. magnet capacity announcements top 40,000 tonnes, but domestic dysprosium output is still measured in kilograms. Where the chain actually breaks.
Minerals
Analysis of Kazakhstan's 2M-tonne WO₃ reserves, new mines, and their effect on global tungsten supply amid China's export curbs.
Minerals
Gentung–Browns Lake offers investors a strategic U.S. tungsten restart tied to defense demand, but permitting and technical gaps remain.
Industry
Mongolia's mining-driven economy faces a pivotal shift as fintech and digital infrastructure accelerate. Analysis of Oyu Tolgoi, 5G rollout, and geopolitical strategy.
Minerals
South Africa mines 71% of the world's platinum, a market now in record deficit. We map the supply chain, its risks, and the demand transition.
Lunar
With lunar cargo near $100,000/kg, every gram of regolith-made iron or silicon counts. Here's what the cathode produces, and in what order.
Lunar
Electrochemical extraction of aluminum from anorthite and lunar regolith achieves 96% oxygen yield, far exceeding hydrochloric acid leaching.
Lunar
Artemis II flew April 2026. The first crewed landing slips to 2028. ISRU is TRL 4. Ice abundance is unconfirmed. China targets 2030.
Magnets
SmCo magnets run F-35 hardware, Tomahawk seekers, and satellite pointing systems. No substitute exists above 200°C. China controls almost all supply.
Minerals
Sangdong is entering production as a major non-China tungsten source, with real value tied to ramp-up, recovery, and allied processing.
Magnets
Every F-35 contains 418 kg of rare earths. US-bound magnet shipments fell 93% in May 2025. China did not need to fire a shot.